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10 7




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████    重点词汇
████    难点词汇
████    生僻词
████    词组 & 惯用语

[学习本文需要基础词汇量：4,000 ]
[本次分析采用基础词汇量：5,000 ]

up to fifteen pounds of other
species are taken aboard

and discarded for every one pound
of shrimp that's caught

worse still are the quantities of
juvenile fish that get thrown away

Hundreds of thousands of tons of
young fish are discarded every year

Fish that would otherwise grow
to become an important

and very valuable
source of protein

And all this for just
a handful of prawns

The fishermen have recognised the
problem and have asked for help

So Dr Steve Kennelly
is now looking at

the prawn fishing's industry
in New South Wales, Australia

Here the industry is huge, they catch over
a thousand tons of prawns a year

Kennelly has invented a Bi-catch
reduction device, a BRD,

which lets the smaller, immature
fish escape from the net

this is the cod end that actually
gets towed along at the back of the net

and right down at the back,
at the back of the whole operation

and all the catch that goes into
a trawl net ends up in this bag,

at the back of this bag

We did some trials in flume tanks
and, and other experiments,

and we found that in a certain
point of the cod end,

just in front of where this
cod end material changes

you get a back pressure of water

And by putting in this panel
of open square meshes

just at that point where that
back pressure of water is occurring,

the water will tend
to turn and...

flow up and out through
that square mesh panel

And, little, little fish as they are swimming

along inside this net feel
that pressure of water

and their immediate escape
response is to head upwards

and out through the open
square mesh panel

Kennelly is experimenting

With two different nets

This first one is a conventional
prawn fishing net

Ok this is the catch from err,
from the control cod end

that is the conventional cod
end without any BRD in it

As you can see there's quite a large
number of small fish in the catch

And hopefully in the other cod end
with the BRD installed there'll be...

a lot less fish and still
the same quantity of prawns

This is the net with the
bi-catch reduction devise in it

lt's immediately obvious that fewer fish
have been accidentally caught

that's the difference
in bi-catch there

Most of the smaller fish
have escaped so at least

they should have
a chance to breed

You're just got to have a look
with you own eyes,

and there's no doubt that there,
l'd say there's at least,

probably a sixty percent maybe even
more reduction in bi-catch there

Kennerly's devise has gone
a long way to reducing waste

But he knows it's
not the whole answer

l don't think it's possible
to ever a the situation

where we can go out
and confidently only catch

the things we're
trying to catch

Just about every, every fishing
method you're going to catch...

under-sized organisms
of the target species

To get it down to the position
where we don't catch any bi-catch

at all for things like prawns
and shrimps and so on,

l don't think we've ever going
to get to that particular point,

at least not, not in the
foreseeable future

There is possibly another way

One where there maybe
no bi-catch at all

lt's fish farming
or aqua-culture,

already it's producing
huge quantities of fish

Could fish farming
be the solution?

At the moment one in every
four fish we eat is farmed,

but over the next twenty five years
it's thought that figure will double,

that half the fish we eat will
be farmed, so is this the answer,

can we really protect our fish stock,
protect the juveniles,

protect the fragile
marine habitat?

ln fact is fish farming the solution
to all our fishing problems?

lf aqua-culture is one of the answers
then surely the people

with the highest incentive to get
it right are the Japanese

They've already very advanced
in farming fish

They're now even trying to raise
large predatory fish like tuna,

and in particular, blue fin tuna

Here in Kushimoto in western Japan
they're going for broke

Swimming around beneath me
in this enclosure

there are fifty fully mature
blue fin tuna

These tuna were caught in the wild
and are now being fattened up for market,

They're being fed generously
so they'll be

in prime adult condition
when they're sold

Here they're taken tuna farming
to the next stage

They're not just holding them they're
actually breeding these captive blue fin

They hope that these fish will
themselves breed in three years time,

and so complete the whole
life cycle in captivity


知识点

重点词汇
juvenile [ˈdʒu:vənaɪl] adj. 青少年的；幼稚的 n. 青少年；少年读物 {ky toefl ielts gre :5261}

juveniles ['dʒu:vɪnaɪlz] n. 少年（juvenile的复数形式）；稚气 { :5261}

discarded [dɪs'kɑ:rdɪd] v. 丢弃（discard的过去分词） adj. 丢弃的；废弃的 { :5416}

tuna [ˈtju:nə] n. 金枪鱼，鲔鱼 n. (Tuna)人名；(葡、匈、捷、土、塞)图纳 {cet6 :5993}

enclosure [ɪnˈkləʊʒə(r)] n. 附件；围墙；围场 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :6621}

accidentally [ˌæksɪ'dentəlɪ] adv. 意外地；偶然地 {toefl :7057}

meshes [meʃiz] n. 网眼；陷阱；网状物（mesh的复数） v. [机] 啮合；用网捕捉；互相协调（mesh的第三人称单数） { :7709}

mesh [meʃ] n. 网眼；网丝；圈套 vi. 相啮合 vt. [机] 啮合；以网捕捉 {cet6 ielts gre :7709}

fin [fɪn] n. 鳍；鱼翅；鳍状物 vt. 切除鳍；装上翅 vi. 猛挥鳍；潜泳 n. (Fin)人名；(法)芬 { :8226}

confidently ['kɒnfədəntlɪ] adv. 自信地；安心地 { :8438}

generously ['dʒenərəslɪ] adv. 慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地 { :8545}

towed [təud] adj. 被拖曳的 vt. 拖（tow的过去分词） { :9000}

captive [ˈkæptɪv] n. 俘虏；迷恋者 adj. 被俘虏的；被迷住的 {cet4 cet6 ky ielts :9226}

immature [ˌɪməˈtjʊə(r)] adj. 不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的 { :9681}

foreseeable [fɔ:ˈsi:əbl] adj. 可预知的；能预测的 {ky :9797}

cod [kɒd] abbr. 货到付款（cash on delivery）；货到收款（collect on delivery）；化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand） { :9869}

captivity [kæpˈtɪvəti] n. 囚禁；被关 {toefl :10112}

prawn [prɔ:n] n. 对虾，明虾 vi. 捕虾 { :10506}

prawns [prɔ:nz] n. 大虾，对虾（prawn的复数） v. 提对虾（prawn的三单形式） { :10506}

predatory [ˈpredətri] adj. 掠夺的，掠夺成性的；食肉的；捕食生物的 {toefl :11039}

err [ɜ:(r)] vi. 犯错；做错；犯罪；走上歧途 {toefl gre :13165}


难点词汇
fattened [ˈfætnd] vt. 养肥；使肥沃；使充实 vi. 养肥；（靠…）发财 { :15231}

trawl [trɔ:l] n. 拖网；排钩 vi. 用拖网捕鱼 vt. 用拖网捕鱼 {gre :17677}

flume [flu:m] n. 水道；笕槽；引水槽 n. (Flume)人名；(德)弗卢梅 vt. 用引水槽输送；用引水槽引 { :27541}

ln [ ] abbr. 自然对数（Napierian Logarithm）；液态氮（Liquid Nitrogen） { :28828}

LF [ ] [计] 换行, 低频 [医] 絮凝单位, 絮凝限度 { :30107}


生僻词
Kennelly [ ] n. 肯内利（姓氏）

Kushimoto [ ] [地名] 串本町 ( 日 )


词组
a handful [ ] [网络] 一小撮；极少数；难以掌控的人事物

a handful of [ ] det. 一把；一小撮；少数 [网络] 少量的；少数的；少数几位

breed in [ ] 同种繁殖，连续进行同种交配；累代近亲联姻，近亲结婚

cod end [kɔd end] 囊网，拖网

err from [ ] [网络] 背离

fatten ... up [ ] [网络] 使肥胖；长膘；使增加

fatten up [ˈfætn ʌp] [网络] 使肥胖；长膘；使增加

flume tank [ ] ［被动式］减摇水舱

in captivity [ ] 人工驯养 受限制的 在囚禁的

in the foreseeable future [ ] [网络] 在不久的将来；在可预见的未来；在可以预见的将来

juvenile fish [ˈdʒu:vinail fiʃ] un. 〔水产〕幼鱼 [网络] 稚鱼；稚鱼期

marine habitat [ ] [网络] 海洋栖息地；水域栖息地；海洋栖息所

prawn and shrimp [ ] 虾类

predatory fish [ ] [网络] 掠食性鱼类；捕食性鱼类；食鱼性鱼

square mesh [ ] 方网眼,正方网格

swim around [ ] vi.游泳嬉戏

take aboard [ ] 接到船上

taken aboard [ ] 把…带上船

to breed [ ] 配种

ton of [ ] 大量,许多

trawl net [trɔ:l net] na. 拖网

trawl nets [ ] na. 拖网



单词释义末尾数字为词频顺序
 zk/中考 gk/中考 ky/考研 cet4/四级 cet6/六级 ielts/雅思 toefl/托福 gre/GRE
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